Donor List - Boyce Thompson Arboretum

The Campaign for a “Water Wise” Arboretum

We are deeply thankful to the donors listed below who have given a gift of $100 or more toward our Water Wise Arboretum initiative. These passionate supporters have made a commitment to help BTA become a leader in climate adaptation and steward the survival of desert plants, wildlife, and ecosystems. If you would like to learn more and join our Water Wise Arboretum campaign and ensure that we thrive for the next 100 years, please click here.

For the donors listed below, if your name(s) are incorrect, or if your feel your giving level is inaccurately reported, please do not hesitate to contact the Development Department at [email protected]

Anonymous
Intel Corporation
Pinal County Water Augmentation Authority
Resolution Copper Company
Gregory and Lorraine Scaven

Ann Beisser and Kandy Kendall
Vicki Bever and Cipriano Trillo
Cliff Douglas
Joseph and Gail Giacobazzi
Calvin, Lynn Grout and Nina Avila
Milja and Howard Hohnsen
Perry and Teresa Pearson
SRP
Rusty Wilkinson

Peter and Judy Allard
Deb Bonte
Dr. Gay L. Dybwad and Dr. Joy V. Bliss
Vicki and Tom Glassburn
Carl and Margaret Hedlund
Paul and Jacklyn Horton
Imre and Lorna Kertesz
Janet Laut
Janice Myers
Mark and Patty Premeau
Jay and DeLana Ream
Jim and Kally Reynolds
Edgardo Rivera and Don Rumer-Rivera
Carol Schilling
George and Linda Walda
The Weaver Family Charitable Fund
Silvia Werre

Anonymous
Anonymous
Janet and Jim Badden
Carolyn Baecker
Donna Barr Paulk
Dan Benton
Rick and Lexia Gibson
Warren Goff
Marianne Jensen and Christopher Rutz
Dick and Sandy Joyce
Sylvia Karlsson and Christina Ronnberg
Margaret Lemon
Christine and Jason Marshall
Mr. Michael Model
Nancy Mumpton
Jake and Sherry Preus
John and Diana O’Laughlin
Lois Schneberger
Vicki-Lynne and Bill Scott
Delores Sullivan and Teri Bryant
Mr. Edward Thull
Rachel Trinder
Ken and Teresa Werner

Fred and Carol Binder
Susan and George Bliss
Carolyn Bridge
Susan and Doug Burks
Dana and Dianna Burnham
Pat and Edie Burns
Barbara and Jean Burton
Sandy Cail and Matt Poole
Ralph Castaneda and Bobbie Mills
Jeb and Maureen Clarkson
Jane Conrow
Marilyn Deering
Mary DiCerbo
Vicki and Allen Eaton
Shari Eddy and Rachel Bailey
Sam and Mary Beth Elbin
Karla and Jim Elling
Jeff and Barb Engelmann
Judith and Dennis Fitzpatrick
Janet and Chris Garton
David Glaeseman
Santo and Joan Graziano
Anne Gully
Deb and Dave Hanke
Pamela Hart
Janet Hayes
Claudia and Arthur Helfgott
John Hertz and Mary Ellen Fresquez
Michael, Rosa and Laura Hoagland
Susan Holohan
Rachael Honeyfield and Michael Droll
Robert M. Hursell
Craig and Cabrini Jacobsen
Steve and Lydia Jaggard
Maryl Lynn Janowicz and Ann Payne
Bruce and Jill Johnson
Carol and Brad Klock
Crystal Knight
David and Cathy Laffler
Georganna Lagen and Robert and Karin King
Michele Lechanteur, John Giudice and Elizabeth Carter
Ross and Bridget Levin
Mary Kay and Larry Lininger
Chris and Faye Lockwood
Gary Long
William and Mary Lum
Mary Lou Lyding
Michael Martin and Charles Ball
Robert and Mary McFadden
Larry Hallock and Katherine Meade Hallock
Dr. Edwin W. Minch
Carleton and Diane Moore
Virginia Moore
Mattie and Dola Carroll Morris
Jerry and Chris Needham
Paula Newcomb and Krista Fox
Lizhu Pan and Rajesh Sekhar
George and Linda Parkins
Joyce Plukas
Jerry and Carol Powell
William Rasey
James Ripley
John and Christy Robinson
Nancy Roth
Scott Russell, PhD, Sue Neel and Sarah Russell
Ken and Lee Salwitz
Richard and Karyn Shaffstall
Bill and Angela Silcock
Brian and Pat Smith
Susan Soroka and David Spencer
Lynnea and Chris Spencer
Kim Stone
James Taylor and Judy Taylor
Lowell and Gail Ann Ulrich
David Wall and Connie Chen
Alfred and Linda Wendler
Willard White

Fiscal Year 2019-2020 Donors

We gratefully acknowledge the following members and donors who supported Boyce Thompson Arboretum at $125 and above in the fiscal year ending June 30, 2020. This list does not constitute solely tax-deductible donations, but may include sponsorships, membership fees, gifts in kind, and event registrations, as well. We apologize for any errors that have occurred as a result of migration to our new donor database. We always try to do our best, but please contact us if your name(s) are incorrect or if your feel your giving level is inaccurately reported. Names with a key symbol indicate volunteers who have given time and financial support – they are the key to our ongoing success. Thank you!

Wallace Desert Garden Foundation

Richard Fries
Joseph and Gail Giacobazzi
Keith and Brenda Taylor

Peter and Judy Allard
APS – Arizona Public Service
Shelly and Timm Esque
Jeffrey Heimer and Linda Brock
Kalamazoo Materials, Inc.
Robert and Kathryn Kater
Dr. Bobbi and Lucy Lancaster
James Nafziger
Perry and Teresa Pearson
Daniel and Janis Ramirez
Resolution Copper Company
SiteOne Landscape Supply
Stabilizer Solutions, Inc.

Arid Zone Trees
Carolyn Baecker
Jim and Elizabeth Fordemwalt
Imre and Lorna Kertesz
Barbara Miller and Steven Trimble
Lynne Nemeth and Lanny Morrison
William Rasey
Jay and DeLana Ream
Jim and Kally Reynolds

Covert and Lea Bailey
Leslie and Jonathan Baney
Bill Benson
Sarah and Kenneth Bernstein
Charles and Jeanne Ann Brush
Dr. and Mrs. Carlos Carrera
Constance and Arlyn Clark
Custom Gabion Design
Bert and Nadine Cutler
John and Marie Dentes
Abe and Ingrid Dye
Robert and Kathryn Elsaesser
Holly and Paul Emmerich
Kent and Muriel Ennis
Rick and Lexia Gibson
Karen Gildersleeve
Martha and Steve Goode
Jeanne and David Hannon
Joseph and Joyce Hartung
Art and Claudia Helfgott
Elizabeth Higgins
Historic Hotel Magma
Howard and Milja Hohnsen
Max and Marguerite Horn
Paul and Jacklyn Horton
Barbara King and Dr. Harold Johnson
Jared and Loralee Langkilde
Logan Simpson Designs
John R. and Deborah McEvoy
Ann McKinnon
Charlotte Needham
Jan and Mary Ellen Nyland
David and Diana Oberpriller
Larry and Margret Olson
Carol and Trevor Parrott
David Raring and Kathleen Putek
Edgardo Rivera
Scott Russell, Ph.D. and Sue Neel
Lois Schneberger
Janet Spadora
Constance and Ronald Thomas
Rachel Trinder
Susan Wernecke
Natalia White
Rusty Wilkinson

William and Susan Ahearn
Clare and Craig Angell
Janet and James Badden
Ann Beisser and Kandy Kendall
Victoria Bever and Cipriano Trillo
Judi and Bob Braudy
Carolyn Bridge
Douglas, Jan and Laura Cardon
Rick and Suzy Clarke
William and Cynthia Collings
Jane Conrow
Linda and Jeremy Cowing
Elizabeth and Joseph Davidson
Susan and Mark Dobson
Gay L. Dybwad and Joy V. Bliss
Edwin and Barbara Gartin
Warren Goff
Mark and Maggie Graham
Terry Henley
Nancy and Craig Johnson
Tracy Kralicek and Dave Lunn
Georganna Lagen and Robert and Karin King
Chuck Lee and Patricia Hance
Sylvia Lee
Orme Lewis, Jr.
Mary Nell Leyba
Leroy and Sandra Luther
Linda Mardian
Gilbert and Jenny Maw
Pierce McIntosh
Michael and Mary Miller
Pearl Nancarrow
Terry Ponder
Sue and Steven Race
Todd Rallison
John and Marita Reed and Tamara Robinson
Dennis and Roxanne Reimink
Paula Rushing
San Francisco Succulent and Cactus Society
Gregory and Lorraine Scaven
James Schenck and Michaele Cozzi
William and Barbara Schneider
Donald and Ingeborg Senuta
Richard and Karyn Shaffstall
Marcee Sherrill
Brian and Pat Smith
Brian Studer and Therese Messerschmitt
Charles Tuomi
Elly van Gelderen
George and Linda Walda
Fred Walker
Les and Susan Wallach
Jorja Watts
Mary Welch-Keesey and Joe Keesey
Sandra Wente and Mary Wente-Lindsay
Melvin and Silvia Werre
Richard and Patricia Wiedhopf
Paul Williams
Wing Apartments
Wing Xi Trust
John and Evelyn Yaple
Louis and Judy Young

Bryan and Susan Albue
Richard Anderson
Karen Applewhite
Dan and Pat Benton
Rosemary and Susan Berg
Paul Bergner and Tania Neubauer
Mila and Joann Besich
Mary Ann Bradbury
Heidi and Sim Brubaker
Frank and Laurel Byrne
George Cairo
Sean and Barbara Clark
David and Elizabeth Cronk
Patti Dennis
Alexander Dioyenis and Mary K France
John and Connie Drilling
Kimberly Eilert
Sandra and Paul Everett
Robert Favuzza and Jane Simpson
P.D. Folk and C.L. Lasko
Thomas and Lynne Forre
Mark Foster
David Glaeseman
Alice and Norm Grosbach and Mary Shelton
Dr. Bill and Lynn Haak
Lois and Peter Hammer
Ronald and Catherine Hill
Peter and Jeanne Horner
Diane and Tom Huffman
Perry L. and Shahara V. Hughes
Gary and Mary Irish
Dr. Barry Jacobsen and Jane Standley-Jacobsen
Marianne Jensen and Christopher Rutz
Brent and Lynne-Ann Johnson
Dick and Sandy Joyce
Mal and Jane Jozoff
Donald and Lynn Keith
Evan and Deborah Kincaid
John and Beth Kirkpatrick
Dr. Robert Kleinsasser
Sheryl Knights
Gregory Knowlton and Wlatka Peric-Knowlton
Janice and William Lallman
Donna Lawson
Wayne and Bonnie Lichtenberger
Laney and Keith Lindor
George Lloyd and Shu Yin Liang
William and Mary Lum
Barbara S. Macnider and Michael Sullivan
Ann Mangold
Christine and Jason Marshall
Trevor Martin
John and Catherine Matthews
Kathy McCarthy
David and Sandra McEldowney
Dianne McGee and Robert Bickes
David McGowan and Anthony Rosmarin
Holly McKenzie and Robert P. Martin
Janene McNeil
Richard and Lois Meyer
Frederick John Milens III and Ashanna Bilter
Sharri and Tom Moody
Duane and Margaret Morse
Richard and Kathy Mundinger
Ian Murray
Wayne and Pat Needham
Clarence and Chris Needham
John and Kay Nelson
William and Martha O’Day
Charles “Carlos” Oldham and Joan Goforth
Kathi and Patricia Osbakken
Tom Parkhurst
Barbara and Albert Peters
Thelma Peters
Tanya Peters and Denise Arredondo
John Pisani
J. David and Shirley Prest
Benjamin and Melissa Reynolds
Cynthia Riley
Clark and Sophia Rogers
Anita and Dennis Rohde
Charles Ruiz and Maria Valdez
Timothy Rule
John and Karen Runberg
Rylan and Leslie Schimelpfenig and Jackie Clausen
Richard and Lynda Schuler
Gary and Jan Septon
David and Kathleen Shields
Paul and Victoria Shimp
Linda and Ron Skinner
Don and Ginny Smith
John and Sharyn Soper and Michelle Soper Witucky
Lynnea and Chris Spencer
Kelly Steele and Marty Wojciechowski
Ginny Sylvester
Judy and James Taylor
Kathryn W. Torgeson
Gloria Traicoff
Lowell and Gail Ann Ulrich
Angel and Loraine Valadez
Rita Vautrin
Laura and Chip Vickers
Albert and Beverly Ann Voirn
David Wall and Connie Chen
Karen Wargo and Deb Place
Thomas Welsh and Anne Hawkins Welsh
Steve and Joni Rae Westwood
Kay Wiesner
Pat and Jean Wilson
J. Andrew Wood and Dwayne Hitchcock
Dennis and Mary Young
Amy Zander and Tom Gerstenberger
Leo Zureick

John and Pam Abbott
Jody and Gerry Abella
Roger and Carolyn Ahl
Marina and William Akins
Shirley Alberg
Rebecca Albrecht and Norris Livoni
Elizabeth Aldrich
James and Debra Allen
Jeff and Amanda Allerding
Paul and Dora Ancharski and Myrna Guzman
Joseph and Julie Antonio
Sally Appel
Jeff and Kimberly Arbuckle
Roger Athey and Susan Butler
Nadine Atkinson
Randy and Michelle Auer
Tony and Liz Badalamenti
Donna Badder
Burt and Ying Baker
Kumar and Tejas Balasubramamian
Gordon and Sally Barnes
Nancy Wanek and Russ Baron
Joe Bartlett and Sharon Ruck
Todd and David Bayne and Laura McGrory-Bayne
Ashley and Tim Beach
Bette Jo Beck
Holly Beilfuss
Corinne and Curt Bender
Darwin and Jeanette Benedict
Peter and Sarah Benedikt
Mary Bennett and Mike Josephson
Chelsea Berhost
Deborah Berkley
Bethany Berkseth
Dan and Marie Bernstein
Sarah and Geoffrey Berthiaume
Eric and Kathleen Bertness
Mark Bierner
Cheryl and John Birdwell
Irv and Mary Jo Bitman
D.E. Blevins-Semon and Winston Allen and John Semon
Sharon Boardman
Dan Bodansky
Loretto, Scott and Lori Bonin
Deborah Bonte
Vincent and Catherine Bonventre
Rita and Steve Booth
Kathryn Bottjen
Steven and Gail Boyd
John and Georgiana Boyer
Alicia Brainard and Kaleb Corrigan
Fred Brink
Mark Broadus and Nancy Dye
Christinia Brown and Camille Goulding
Renie and Bart Browning
Barbara and Rick Brumley
Barbara and John Bruner
Steven, Alisa Rae & Adria Rene Bruzonsky
Charlotte Bunger
Teresa and Lee Burnett
Barbara Burton
Eric Butler
Jere Campbell
Brian and Lauren Cantoni
Ralph Castaneda and Bobbie Mills
Julie Anne Castilla and Steve Nunn
Margarita and Elena Castillo
James and Donna Caudle
Felix Celis and Ramona Celis-Aguirre
Charlene Choc
Amanda and Stanley Clague
Christina Clark
Rhiannon Clark and Dylan Machajewski
Fred and Debbie Clayton
Jeff and Rena Colling
William and Janice Cook
Copper Triangle Mining Services
June Cosgrove
William Covington and Connie Struve
Michael Curtis and Melinda Melton
Janet and Jack Dale
Ed and Gwenda Dannenmueller
David and Amy Dansevicus
William Defer
Gina and Rick DeGraw
Jenifer Devine
Jean and Jerry Dili, Jr.
Karen Dix
Carol and Michael Dolle
Melissa and Ryan Dougherty
Diane and Michael Dungan
Allan Dunstan
Jacob Easton
Craig and Carole Eberle
Hermann and Jo Eckert
Linda Eikenberry
Marie Ekren
Joe and Jacqueline Eubanks
Thomas and Sandra Ewing
Lewis and Melinda Fairfield
Morris and Debra Farnsworth
Mary Faul
Sarah and Jon Fein
Paul and Mary Anne Fetterly
Lisa Fitzner and Terry Phillips
Stephanie Franklin-Martos
Jo, Harold and Kristofer Frede
Eileen and Robert Frederich
Peter and Julie Fritz
Dusty Lee Fullinwider and Scooter Jones
Ray-Ann Galindo
Dianne Galligher and Tom Gordon
David and Janette Gann
Bob and Sandy Garrity
Bob Gessner and Cathy Palm-Gessner
Tom and Karen Gilbertson
Kevin Gilbreth and Georjia Motta
Dr. John Gilkeson and Susan Gray
Anna Gilreath
Paul and Nancy Goeddertz
Steve Gorman
Brittany Gorsich and Geoffrey Banker
Aimee Pearl Gossman
Henry and Patricia Gougelmann
Frank and Helen Grannis
David and Mary Griffy
Nancy Haddorff and Jody Gerst
Rudolf and Anneliese Hagemann
Stephanie Halcrow
Melody Hannon
Karen Hatch
Shaylee Hatch and Breanna Krippner
Robert and Debra Hayles
Carl and Margaret Hedlund
Rich and Sandi Heidinger
John Heindl
Jana Henige
Bobby and Mercedes Hernandez and Lynn Felio
Mike and Carolyn Hills
Maggie Hoffman and Sydney Bogart
Judy Honig and Matt Bergsman
Todd and Tuni House
Barbara Hover
Catherine and Douglas Humphrey
Jim and Jean Humphries
Karol Hunt
Cathy Hurst and Philip Meyer
Marcie Hutchinson
Mary, Mike and Erin Hutchinson
Michael and Linda Ingram
Greg and Diana Isham
Kaitlyn Ives
Don Jacobs
Craig and Cabrini Jacobson
Rosemary James
Matthew and Adrian Jamieson
Dale and Mary Jensen
Mike and Tammy Jensen
Matthew Johnson and Patricia Rorabaugh
James W. Johnson and Sharon L. Kowski
Lindy Johnson
Firoj Kabir and Tulip Khan
Tom and Jennifer Kaiser
Heather Kammer and Michael Maxwell
Ken Kasworm and Karen Yamada
Carol and Ron Kaufman
Kathy Keegan-Davis and Bert Davis
Kathy and Timothy Keister
U. Kelasa
Vincent Kelley and Connie Smith
Lynn Kelly
Mary and David Kelly
Alan and Cynthia Kempner
Steve and Sandra Kernagis
Grant and Liz Ketterman
Tammie Kinard
Charles and Kathleen Kline
Robert and Marilyn Koester
James Michael Kolida
Donna and LeRoy Kuta
Olga and Fred Kuykendall, Jr.
Jennifer Kuzmich and Gayle Maloney
David and Cathy Laffler
Bruce and Terri Larson
Ken and Maryann Laska
Ryan Leach
Jim and Brenda Lee and Kelly Sharak
Anne and Katie Leight 
Nancy and Wayne Lervik
Victoria Levin and Erich Drinkwater
Monica Levisohn and Robert Schlechty
Feihe Li and Laura Li Dong
Arnold and Susan Licht
Carole Lindemann
Shelbi Lindesmith and Matthew Storms
Laurie Lines
Carrie Lipka and Robert Gansman
Dorothea Ludeman
Rea and Jim Ludke
Michael Lynch and Emilia Martins
Mitch and Elisa Magee
Debe and Bob Mahoney
Peggy Malsom
Jim Malusa
James P. Mandaville
Elizabeth Marriaga, Roseanne Perricelli and Barbara Wulf
Michelle and Michael Marzano
Robert and Mary Marzke
Lewis and Kathleen Mason
William and Rhonda Mason
Judith Mattson
Patricia Mayes
James and Charlene McCowan
Thomas and Kathy McDonald
Mary Joe McElroy
Robert and Mary McFadden
Laura and Walter McGourty
Patricia McGuire
John D. McGuire
Scott McKay and Heather Zechman
Chris McKenna and Morgan Johnson
Stacy Meader
Beverly, Jennifer and Cam Mewhorter
Laura Miller
Robert and Victoria Millies
Edwin W. Minch
Bill and Ginann Mitchell
John and Myrna Mitchell
Dan and Nancy Moline
Gloria and Tom Moore
John and Jodi Morgan
Sandra and Michael Morse
Jim and Mary Mosier
Mike and Jeanne Moss
Tom and Barb Mozdzen
Diane Mueller
Darla and John Murphy
Vanessa and Martin Navarrette
Delia and Kelly Neal
Judi Nelson
Victoria Nelson and Craig Carrison
Linda Ness and Ariel Ness Rieken
Steven and Araura Nestor
Paula Newcomb and Krista Fox
Neutek Labs
Steve and Bethany Niemeyer
Jay and Ellen Norton
Mark and Diane Ochs
Sharon and Harold Odegaard
Michael and Anna O’Hara
John and Diana O’Laughlin
Dean and Kathi Olson
William and Joyce O’Morrow
Lacey Pacheco
Clara and Vernon Page
Mike Palermo and Lory Lasica
Chester Parsons and Cheryl Cunningham
Binita Patel and Gaurav Parekh
David Patterson and Kay Hart
Phyllis and Dr. William Perkins
Charles Peterson and Renae Bertagnoli
Jeffrey Petrie
Bob and Judy Petrokas
Kirsta, Ryan and Tyler Phelps
Sue Plati
Daniel Polan and Ashley Jones
Lawrence and Rachel Pollack
Mark and Deborah Prator
Deborah Price
James and Molly Purcell
Eric Ram
Dawn Ratcliffe
Wallace and Karen Rave
Jolee and Russell Ray
Annemarie Ready
Lenny and Sonia Reid
Brenda Reyes
Carl Richards
Alyce and Daniel Riley
John and Chris Robinson
Donald and Patricia Ross
Glenda and Michael Ross
George and Christy Rucker
Louis and Vi Rulon
Jim and Judy Russell
Dennis and Sharon Ryan
Scott and Janet Saline
Kenneth and Lee Salwitz
Paul and Patty Sandness
Frank and Monique Schilling
Alan and Nancy Schnabel
Louis and Lisa Sellyei
Ronald and Cynthia Shea
Jhenifer and Nate Shipe
Sharla Shirley and Rachel Moreno
Jeffrey D. Short
Donna Slaughter
Dale and Sonja Smith
Jason Smith and Bethany Kuenstler
Kim Smith-Stout and Michael Traubert
Charles and Peggy Snow
Rita Sole
James Sorgatz and Josh Tures
Ronald Souder
Larry Sprechman and Michelle Caisse
Thaine Sprenger and Paulette Melick
Peggy and Glenn Stein
Don and Shirley Stromberg
Stephen and Karen Swoope
Bill and Wendy Talich
Jill Taylor
Jim Taylor
Mike and Linda Taylor
Paul Thomas
Racena and Richard Thomas
Brian and Heather Thrall
Edward and Lona Lee Thull
Robert and Susan Titus
Helen and Paul Totten
Harriet Trieskey
Jennifer Turner
James Uanis
Erika Valenzuela and Jose Orozco
Shauna Van Houten
Matthijs van Soest and Rebekah Hines
Erica VanDerHeyden and Shelly Lanham
Eric and Marceline VandeWater
Nancy and Barron VanVleet
Daniel and Anne Varner
Julie Victoria and Mike Reese
Rimgaudas Vidziunas
Mary Viparina and Peter Johnson
Howard and Ellen Wack
Wulf D. Wagner and Jorge Luiz Cuono
Sue and Dave Waibel
James and Elizabeth Walker
Andrew Wallace and Steven Steinhauer
Jerelyn and John Dana Walters
David and Donna Ward
Dolores Ward
Rosemary Ware and Beverly Hernandez
Holly and Terry Warth
Richard and Kimberly Weaver
Alfred and Debbie Weimann
Lita and Marshall Weinstein
Chris Weitman
Victoria Welch
Phyllis E. Wells
Ken and Teresa Werner
Bob and Marquetta White
Ellen and Michael Williamson
Kent Wilson and Diane Rivera
Cathie and Brian Wilton
Barry and Cecilia Woody
Keith Worth
Woody Wray and J.S. Gobershock
Douglas and Diane Wright
Lexi Wyatt
Joyce and Steven Yingling
Bob and Shirley York
Shawn Zack and Tonya Penkrot
Joseph and Diana Zerella
Alan Ziv and Debora Bloom
Madeline Zobel
Andris and Sue Zvirgzdins
Ronald and Judith Zwickl

Donor
List

The Campaign for a “Water Wise” Arboretum

Water Wise Champions | $10,000-50,000

Water Wise Leaders | 2,500-$5,000

Water Wise Contributors | $1,000- $2,499

Water Wise Supporters | $250-$999

Water Wise Friends | $100-$249

Fiscal Year 2019-2020 Donors

$250,000 and Above

$10,000 – $249.999

$5,000 – $9,999

$2,500 – $4,999

$1,000 – $2,499

$500 – $999

$250 – $499

$125 – $249

#1Arb